| Personal background |
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Country: Malaysia
I like 1) Sci-fiction movie 2) Space and Universe programme on Discovery Channel and History Channel.
My New Thoughts About the Universe
The Big Bang theory is wrong!
The microwave background consists of photons that have traveled through space for billions and billions of years. Many of these photons were absorbed by cold matter and then re-radiated multiple times, eventually shifting to much lower frequencies.
Just like matter particles (e.g., neutrons) moving at high speed in space radiate part of their energy and slow down slightly, photons also lose a small amount of energy as they travel through space, causing them to redshift. Photons always travel at the speed of light, but they gradually lose energy through redshift. The amount of energy lost is very small, but when accumulated over billions of years, it becomes observable as the redshift of photons. Many photons have traveled through space for so long that they have redshifted to microwave frequencies.
The space of our Universe is filled with photons traveling at the speed of light in all directions. There are all types of waves, from radio waves (the lowest frequency) to gamma rays (the highest frequency). Regardless of their direction, all photons will eventually be absorbed by black holes because black holes curve space and bend light beams.
The Universe is infinite. Some photons may travel for 10 billion years, 100 billion years, or even 1,000 billion years. Some will be absorbed by cold matter in space and then re-radiated at a different frequency. However, sooner or later, every photon will encounter a black hole in its path and be drawn toward a giant black hole.
When photons travel toward a giant black hole (typically located at the center of a galaxy), they gain energy. However, photons always travel at the speed of light (in a vacuum), so they increase energy through blueshift. A photon with a microwave frequency could blueshift to a gamma-ray frequency in this way. There is a limit to how much its frequency can increase. When the frequency becomes too high and the energy reaches a maximum value near the black hole's event horizon, quantum fluctuations create pairs of matter and antimatter particles according to Einstein's equation, E = MC², where E is the photon's energy and M is the mass of the matter created. The antimatter particles fall into the black hole, while the matter particles are slingshotted at very high speeds, filling the interstellar space of the galaxy. All matter in the spiral arms of galaxies comes into existence this way.
A real-world example of matter being slingshotted from a spinning center is the spinning fireworks display. When you light one up, it produces a pattern similar to a spiral galaxy (as seen in slow-motion video playback). However, in spinning fireworks, all the matter is already present at the center and simply disperses outward, eventually stopping when the material is used up.
For galaxies, on the other hand, the matter being slingshotted is continuously created from energy (photons) according to Einstein's equation E = MC². As long as there is an energy (photon) supply to the center of galaxies, matter will continue to be created and slingshotted outward.
Picture
These slingshotted matter particles move at extremely high speeds and fill the interstellar space of galaxies. Over time, they form protons and electrons, which then combine into hydrogen atoms. As time passes, gravitational attraction causes these hydrogen atoms to accumulate and form new stars.
New stars continue their evolution. Supernovas spread heavier elements into space, which then form planets.
The Universe has always existed. There is no beginning and no end.
Stars convert matter into energy (photons), while black holes convert energy (photons) back into matter. Einstein’s famous equation E = MC² states that not only can matter be converted into energy, but energy can also be converted back into matter. Experiments with particle accelerators have already demonstrated that energy can be converted back into matter. These experiments create conditions similar to those found near a black hole’s event horizon, and under such conditions, scientists have observed that matter is created from energy. |
| Thoughts about SETI and SETI@home |
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Is interstellar space travel possible?
Well, after reading Carl Sagan's "Cosmos", I believe it is possible.
Carl Sagan's "Cosmos" Page 152:
"If we lived in an interstellar spacecraft that could accelerate at 1 g, we would find ourselves in a perfectly natural environment. In fact, the equivalence between gravitational forces and the forces we would feel in an accelerating spaceship is a major feature of Einstein’s later general theory of relativity. With a continuous 1 g acceleration, after one year in space we would be traveling very close to the speed of light [(0.01 km/sec2) x (3 x 107 sec) = 3 x 105 km/sec]."
But, where can you get the energy to push a spaceship at 1 g acceleration for one whole year? The answer is, fusion energy - by fusing deuterium+tritium atoms. |
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